Insufficient protection against stack overflows

Steps to reproduce:

Create a page with the following content:

{{velocity}}
{{html clean="false"}}$doc.getRenderedContent(){{/html}}
{{/velocity}}

Expected result:

An error related to the nested displaying of the page is displayed.

Actual result:

A java.lang.StackOverflowError is triggered:

StackOverflowError might lead to unreleased locks and we found that following stack overflows, on some XWiki installations we got org.infinispan.util.concurrent.TimeoutException: ISPN000299: Unable to acquire lock after 10 seconds for key… persistently for some keys in several caches after stack overflows. This seemed to affect primarily keys that were set in requests in which the stack overflow occurred. Note that we're currently not really careful when handling stack overflow errors and we might call additional methods like the error displayer in the macro transformation with an almost full stack, leading to further stack overflow errors. This seems to be a likely root cause of XWIKI-23220.