This is resolved by the {{init.sql}} mechanism introduced in XDOCKER-118.
On MySQL/MariaDB each subwiki lives in its own database, and the {{xwiki}} DB user originally lacked the privilege to create one, hence {{Access denied for user 'xwiki'@'%' to database '<wiki>'}}. XDOCKER-118 added an {{init.sql}} ({{grant all privileges on *.* to xwiki@'%'}}), mounted at {{/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql}}, which and executed by the MySQL/MariaDB official images execute on first database initialization, giving containing: {noformat} grant all privileges on *.* to xwiki@'%' {noformat} This gives the {{xwiki}} user the privileges needed to create subwiki databases. (Postgres is unaffected: subwikis there use schemas within a single database.)
Note: the grant only applies to freshly initialized DB volumes, since {{/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d}} scripts run only on first init. Pre-existing volumes need the manual GRANT.
Closing as a duplicate of XDOCKER-118.
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